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Unless you’re one of the few people still rocking a Nokia 3210, you’re probably vaguely aware that as wonderful as your smartphone is, it emits something potentially nasty called blue light. It’s certainly a hot topic these days; as we’ve come to rely more and more on our digital devices, scientists are keen to figure out what negative effects blue light might be having on our health. Plenty of studies have been done to date, looking at how we absorb blue light into our skin and eyes, and unfortunately, the results ain’t too pretty...
Not too sure what the hell blue light even is? In a nutshell, it’s one of the colours that combine to form the white light all around us. It’s a high energy short wave - meaning that we’re quite susceptible to it. And in many ways, that’s great; blue light has been shown to have lots of benefits for us humans, keeping us alert and focused during the day, even improving our mood. So what’s the issue? Well, the screen you’re reading this (excellent) article on is one of the many devices that give off artificial blue light. Your smartphone, laptop, TV and tablet are other culprits. And if you tot up the time spent on them over the course of 24 hours (not forgetting the ‘quick’ scroll through Facebook in bed), you’ll start to understand how this might be a problem.
Researchers who’ve investigated the effects of blue light have found lots of evidence that overexposure to it results in what’s called ‘digital eye strain’. This is basically an umbrella term for lots of pretty unpleasant symptoms - eye strain, headache, fatigue and disrupted sleep, to name but a few.
A group of Harvard Medical School researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center were curious about the relationship between blue light and headaches, so they conducted a study on 69 migraine sufferers. Exposing them to different colours of light, the subjects were asked if their pounding heads got any better or worse. (We hope they were paid handsomely for their time). Unsurprisingly, blue light exacerbated their pain, with researchers concluding that - along with red light - it generates large signals in both the retina and the cortex.
Another potential effect of blue light is sleep disruption, with lots of evidence suggesting it interrupts our natural body cycle, or ‘circadian rhythm’. It makes sense - since natural blue light keeps us awake during the day, being glued to our phones at night could trick our bodies into thinking it’s still daytime. A study done in 2017 at the University of Haifa investigated how blue light effects melatonin production. This sleep hormone is triggered as darkness sets in at night, and makes the body feel lethargic. Researchers exposed 19 subjects to computer screens from 7pm - 9pm, the period when the brain secretes the most melatonin. On average, participants’ sleep duration was reduced by 16 minutes, with the study concluding that exposure to blue light “significantly reduces the production of melatonin”, and “drastically disrupts the continuity of sleep”.
Another fairly nasty potential effect of blue light is what’s called macular degeneration. This is something that usually occurs in older people, as the photoreceptor cells in their retina start to naturally die off. But a study by the University of Toleda has suggested that blue light exposure could trigger the condition in much younger subjects. The research team found that blue light causes retinal in the eye to trigger reactions generating poisonous chemical molecules. In short, the eye begins to attack itself. “It’s no secret that blue light harms our vision by damaging the eye’s retina,” says Dr. Ajith Karunarathne, Assistant Professor in the University’s Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. “Our experiments explain how this happens, and we hope this leads to therapies that slow macular degeneration.”
Another study is even more worrying. Published earlier this year in the Lancet Psychiatry, it examined data from over 91,000 people, concluding that those with disrupted sleep patterns were more likely to suffer from mental health issues like bipolar disorder or depression. One of the paper’s authors, Dr Daniel Smith, noted that the worst affected were those with “very poor sleep hygiene – people on their mobile phones at midnight checking Facebook”. His advice? No blue light an hour before bedtime.
It’s certainly one way to tackle the issue. But if you’re concerned at the amount of artificial blue light you’re exposed to (and don’t want to give up the precious midnight scroll), blue light eliminating glasses are a great way to reduce the effects. Check out the great range of Ambr frames here, and see how cute you look in them with our virtual mirror.
thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(19)30044-6/fulltext
theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/may/28/blue-light-led-screens-cancer-insomnia-health-issues
sleepfoundation.org/articles/how-blue-light-affects-kids-sleep
aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/should-you-be-worried-about-blue-light
health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/blue-light-has-a-dark-side